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GERD  Complications
Chronic long-standing GERD may cause certain complications that have been described below:
- Esophageal erosions: Inflammation of the esophagus, ulcers or breaks in the lining of the esophagus can occur due to repeated contact with refluxed acid from the stomach.
- Esophageal strictures: Repeated damage to the esophageal lining caused by acid reflux forms a scar tissue (stricture). These strictures can trap food and cause difficulty in swallowing.
- Barrett's esophagus: In some patients, the normal esophageal lining, or epithelium, may be replaced with abnormal epithelium. This condition is called Barrett's esophagus and it has been linked to cancer of the esophagus.
- Inflammation of the vocal cords due to refluxed acid; this may lead to hoarseness of voice.
- Lung (pulmonary) aspiration, asthma and chronic pulmonary disease may also be caused by GERD.
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